Istanbul in Numbers: Facts and Figures About Turkey’s Largest City

Istanbul is a great city that has been the cultural center of many empires, cultures, and religions. From the early ages to the 21st century, the city has always attracted people from all over the world. Today, as of 2025, it is one of the most crowded and multicultural cities in the world. In this blog post, we will look at the numbers which make this city so unique; from population to size. But before we dig into the facts and figures let’s have a look at the best way to discover Istanbul with great savings: Istanbul Tourist Pass®.

Istanbul Tourist Pass® is the first and the most inclusive sightseeing pass in Istanbul. The Pass has always been the first to adapt to changes and follow tourists’ needs in order to serve with the utmost quality. Istanbul Tourist Pass® holders gain access to over 100+ top attractions, entry tickets, guided tours, audio guides, and special offers throughout Istanbul. Recently introduced Show&Go technology allows visitors to have instant QR tickets to the top landmarks in Istanbul and skip the long ticket lines. So grab your Pass and get over 70% savings while you discover Istanbul!

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Population: What Makes Istanbul’s Demography So Unique?

With a population of approximately 16 million in 2024, Istanbul is the most crowded city in Turkey and one of the busiest cosmopolitan hubs in Europe. The demographic story of Istanbul has remained so dynamic despite several cultural shifts, large-scale migration, and fast urbanization. From its early years as Constantinople, Istanbul's population has often been rated among the biggest in the world. It was home to around half a million people by the fifth century, more than its predecessor, Rome. Serving as Europe's largest metropolis until London exceeded it in the middle of the 18th century, the city kept its reputation as a top metropolitan center throughout the Ottoman period.

A Dramatic Rise of Population

Starting from the 1950s, with the movies, books, and magazines, people from rural Turkey believed that Istanbul was a city where dreams come true. So they abandoned their farms and lands and started to move to Istanbul in order to have a better life. So with this sudden and big movement, Istanbul's population started to rise every day. Think about a sudden change in population which is so dramatic from 1 million to around 16 million only in a couple of decades.  Since then, every year, some 200,000 new people move here, many of them from rural areas looking for a better life. In addition to the largest Kurdish minority in Turkey, Istanbul is now home to a sizable immigrant population from Sivas and Kastamonu regions.

Istanbul as a Mosaic of Cultures and Ethnicities

Even if the city has become more homogeneous in recent years, Istanbul still has a diverse range of cultures, faiths, and ethnic groups: The majority is made up of Turks and Kurds; the Kurds make up about 2-4 million of the population. Istanbul was once home to the Greek, Armenian, and Jewish communities. The city has expanded quickly in the modern era as a result of migration from all across Turkey. Now, Istanbul is currently home of the largest Kurdish minority in Turkey as well as a house for the immigrant population from eastern Turkish districts. Thanks to this unique blend, today we can enjoy a diverse cuisine and experience many different cultural events in this beautiful city.;

Istanbul's demographics are also shaped by its distinct position as a bridge between Europe and Asia. The European side, which is the hub of trade and culture, is home to around 65% of the population, but the Asian side maintains a more calm, residential feel.

Diversity of Religions in Istanbul

Turkey is a secular country where people of many different religions can coexist. The diversity of Istanbul's population in terms of religion is among its most distinctive features. Despite being predominantly a Sunni Muslim city, Istanbul is home to Alevi, Christian, and Jewish communities. Even though the population is mostly Muslim, having the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Istanbul makes the city the global center of Orthodox Christianity's spirituality. Every year Orthodox visitors from all over the world come to Istanbul to experience their religion in its center, Istanbul.

The things that make Istanbul's demography so unique are more than just numbers; they are coming from city's secular position, flexibility, resilience, and timeless charm. All of these depict a city that is constantly evolving while being firmly rooted in its rich and diverse history.

The Size of Istanbul and a Comparison Between European Capitals 

Istanbul is a very special city that is proudly divided between both Europe and Asia and separated by the beautiful Bosporus. In addition to being aesthetically pleasing, this natural barrier has long served as a vital trading route that links the Mediterranean and Black Seas. You can only imagine the amount of activity that has taken place here over the years. Additionally, a city that encircles the Golden Horn, the Bosporus, and the Sea of Marmara has a certain allure. It became a center for traders from all over the world in addition to defending ancient nations against invaders. Not to mention the idyllic islands off the shore, Heybeliada, Büyükada, and their smaller siblings, each with their own distinct vibe.

The official size of Istanbul is now a massive 5,343 square kilometers, or 2,063 square miles, if you count. To put it into perspective, though, let's compare it to some other major European cities, including Berlin, Paris, and London.

Despite its expansive appearance, London is just about 1,572 square kilometers (607 square miles) in size. About one-third of Istanbul is made up of it. There, Istanbul unquestionably wins the size game.

The city of lights, Paris, is even more small! Just 105 square kilometers (41 square miles) make up the city proper. Istanbul could literally eat Paris for breakfast and still have space for lunch, despite its attractiveness and compactness.

With a total area of about 891 square kilometers (344 sq miles), Berlin is a bit more closer to Istanbul than London and Paris. Although Berlin has the feel of a huge city, Istanbul nevertheless dominates it due to its location.

So, yes, Istanbul is enormous, really, very vast! It's not only the land area, either. So much for the myth of the "seven hills" the city has more than 50 hills, the largest of these hills, which is Aydos, which rises to a height of 537 meters (1,762 feet). So Aydos surpasses the height of some skyscrapers. Additionally, some newly constructed areas of the city, such as Caddebostan in the Anatolian side, are constructed on reclaimed land over the sea. It is fair to say that Istanbul literally expands outwards in addition to its constantly rising population.

All things considered, Istanbul is a huge, energetic giant in contrast to Berlin, Paris, and London. It's a city that never compromises, and its evolving size is a proof of that!

Istanbul's Location and the Factors That Make It So Special

There is more to Istanbul than meets the eye! In addition to serving as a bridge connecting two continents, the city serves as a hub for numerous ethnic groups, civilizations, and religions. One of the most unusual locations on Earth is Istanbul, which is situated exactly where Europe and Asia converge. The two continents are separated by the Bosporus, which flows through the center of the city. It is therefore possible to have breakfast in Asia and dinner in Europe in a single day. That's awesome.

This spot isn’t just cool for travelers today; it’s been a major deal throughout history. Think about it. Istanbul connects the Black Sea to the Mediterranean, which means for centuries it has been a key route for trade. Ships from all over the world passed through here, carrying goods, spices, and ideas. It’s no wonder empires fought to control this place.

The city is surrounded by water, with the Golden Horn on one side and the Sea of Marmara on the other. This natural setup gave it great defenses back in the day and made it easy to control who entered and left the region. Even now, Istanbul’s location makes it an economic and cultural powerhouse, with people from all corners of the globe coming together here.

One of the most unique things about Istanbul is also its beautiful islands like Büyükada and Heybeliada. The Princes' Islands add a dreamy, seaside charm to Istanbul’s already colorful life. You can directly transport to a small seaside town only with a ferry ride!

You see, geography isn't the only factor in Istanbul's location. It's about history, connection, and being at the intersection of all that is significant. This is a location that no other city can match.

How to Pronounce Istanbul Correctly: Common Mistakes and Getting It Right

Let’s clear up one of the most common little struggles visitors have how to pronounce “Istanbul” the right way. It’s not as tricky as it might seem, but people still get it wrong all the time.

First, let's have a look at the right way to say it: Ees-tahn-bool. Now let us break it down for you:

The first syllable is “Ees,” not “Is” or “Ist.” Think of a long “ee” sound, kind of like the way you’d say “ease.”

The second part, “tahn,” has an “ah” sound—like when you say “on” but softer.

Finally, “bool” rhymes with “pool.” It’s not “bull” or “ball.”

A lot of people, especially English speakers, tend to emphasize the first part too much, saying “IS-tan-bul” or “IST-an-bul.” Nope! That’s a no-go. In Turkish, the stress actually falls more on the second syllable. So it’s not about shouting the “IST” part but flowing gently into the whole word.

Here’s a quick tip: Listen to how locals say it. Turkish is a rhythmic language, and you’ll notice how smoothly they pronounce it. Don’t be afraid to practice—you’ll pick it up in no time.

If you don't get it correct the first time, don't worry; Turkish people are always understanding when foreigners attempt to communicate in Turkish. Istanbul residents are very understanding and will not be offended if you don't do it right the first time. However, getting it correct? It's a fantastic method to show them you appreciate their culture and make an impression!

Use the Istanbul Tourist Pass® to explore the City of Contrasts.

Istanbul is more than simply a metropolis; it is a dynamic mashup of cultures, beliefs, and history. Here, stylish modern towers stand next to centuries-old churches and mosques. Quiet waterfronts, serene islands, and beautiful forest parks encourage introspection, while bustling bazaars and crowded malls are a pack of activities. In this location, Europe and Asia coexist harmoniously. Even being in Istanbul's public transportation vehicles can be a special event for any visitor to this city. 

The soul of this remarkable city can be unlocked with Istanbul Tourist Pass®. Explore Topkapi Palace's and Hagia Sophia's fascinating histories. In areas like Kadikoy and Beyoglu, take in the lively street life. Take a sail around the Bosphorus to get a new perspective on the city.

You can visit more than 100 attractions, activities, performances, and services with the Pass. Everything is covered, including the best museums in Istanbul, guided and audio-guided tours, undiscovered treasures, and well-known historical sites. Just pure discovery—no stress, no ticket lines.

The city of Istanbul is full of contrasts as you can see in its numbers. East and West, ancient and modern, peaceful and tumultuous. You can enjoy it all with Istanbul Tourist Pass®. There is a story waiting for you around every corner.

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