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New Mosque 是鄂圖曼歷史中最重要的建築奇蹟之一,其背後也有著深厚而重要的歷史。
New Mosque 及其建築群的興建於 1957 年由 Safiye Sultan 發起。當她的兒子 Sultan Mehmed III 登上王位後,Safiye Sultan 獲得了 Valide Sultan(皇太后)的稱號,權勢大增。為了在兒子登基後展現自己的權力,Safiye Sultan 下令建造這座清真寺,而這也正是這座清真寺建造的主要原因。因此,這座清真寺也被稱為 Valide Sultan Mosque。
清真寺的第一任建築師 Davut Aga 選定了這個地點並繪製了設計圖。清真寺的地基於 1598 年奠基,並舉行了有國家要員出席的典禮。隨著 Tophane 發射禮炮,向整個 Istanbul 宣告清真寺工程正式開始。然而,在建築師 Davut Aga 以及 Sultan Mehmet III 相繼去世後,工程被迫中斷。
之後,Murat IV 曾試圖繼續施工,但因成本過高而再次停工。1660 年的伊斯坦堡大火對清真寺造成了破壞。火災之後,在 Turhan Hatice Sultan 的努力下,工程重新啟動,並於 1665 年完工。
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前往 New Mosque 步行導覽(含語音導覽)非常方便,從 Istanbul 各地都能輕鬆抵達。以下是前往這座地標的交通方式:
New Mosque 位於 Eminönü 的中心地帶,可透過多種交通方式輕鬆到達。
電車(Tram): 最方便的方式是搭乘 T1 電車線。於 Eminönü 站下車,清真寺就在電車站正對面。
渡輪:Eminönü 是主要的渡輪碼頭。渡輪可連接亞洲一側(Üsküdar、Kadıköy)以及 Bosphorus 沿線的多個地點。抵達 Eminönü 渡輪碼頭後,步行幾分鐘即可到達 New Mosque。
公車:多條公車路線服務 Eminönü。可查閱 Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality 官方網站或使用 MOBİETT app 查詢路線與時刻表。 在 Eminönü Square 附近的站點下車即可。
Marmaray(地下鐵): 搭乘 Marmaray 至 Sirkeci 站。 從 Sirkeci 步行即可抵達 Eminönü,或搭乘 T1 電車一站。
步行: Eminönü 是非常適合步行探索的區域。如果你已經在 Sultanahmet 或 Beyoğlu 等附近地區,步行前往會是相當愉快的選擇。
The New Mosque reflects traditional Ottoman architecture. This means that you will learn what traditional Ottoman architecture was like in the New Mosque. Examining this mosque is enough to learn what Ottoman architecture was like.
Architecture of the New Mosque
The New Mosque has a medium plan and was built on a main dome with a diameter of 16.20 meters. The main dome was expanded with half domes in four directions. Two columns under the Sultan's gathering place are reddish marble columns brought after the conquer of Girit. The mosque was built using cut limestone, marble, and brick. It can be accessed from the cloistered courtyard through a gate in the north and two gates on the sides. There are also small doors on the sides towards the mihrab.
The windows are arranged in six rows, and the tiles cover the walls. The tiles, dominated by blue, turquoise, and green colors, extend from the floor to the top of the second row of windows. There is a square planned cloister in the north. In the courtyard, porticoes with pointed arches carried by twenty columns with muqarnas capitals and twenty-four units covered with domes are found. A shadirvan leaning on arches is located in the center of the courtyard. The mosque's external appearance is similar to that of the Suleymaniye Mosque, but it has a slightly more pointed pyramid-like structure. Its two minarets rise on a square base and are covered with lead-covered cones. Three sun clocks are on the courtyard wall in the southwest corner of the mosque.
What to See in the New Mosque
The mosque's interior has a square plan, and its two sides are 41 meters long. There are four large piers supporting the central area. The interior expands with semidomes along the east-west axis. Small domes are at each corner and at the corners of the galleries.
In the northeast corner of the gallery is a gilded screen where members of the imperial court could attend services. The interior of the mosque is decorated with blue, green, and white Iznik tiles. The mihrab is decorated with gilded muqarnas and has a conical dome with marble columns. To the south of the mosque, in the corner of the courtyard wall, a building was built in 1816. This structure, made of cut stone, is connected to the entrance hall by a low-arched door. A passage from the main space to the east has been provided. There is Mahmud's signature and Poet Vasıf's inscription in the middle of the facade.